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Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is an emerging viral disease and dromedary camels are known to be the source of human spill over events. A cross-sectional epidemiological surveillance study was carried out in Kenya in 2017 to, 1) estimate MERS-CoV antibody seropositivity in the camel-dense counties of Turkana, Marsabit, Isiolo, Laikipia and Nakuru to identify, and 2) determine the risk factors associated with seropositivity in camels. Blood samples were collected from a total of 1421 camels selected using a multi-stage sampling method. Data were also collected from camel owners or herders using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. The sera from camel samples were tested for the presence circulating antibodies to MERS-CoV using the anti-MERS-CoV IgG ELISA test. Univariate and multivariable statistical analysis were used to investigate factors potentially associated with MERS-CoV seropositivity in camels. The overall seropositivity in camel sera was 62.9 %, with the highest seropositivity recorded in Isiolo County (77.7 %), and the lowest seropositivity was recorded in Nakuru County (14.0 %). When risk factors for seropositivity were assessed, the “Type of camel production system” {(aOR = 5.40(95 %CI: 1.67–17.49)}, “Age between 1–2 years, 2–3 years and above 3 years” {(aOR = 1.64 (95 %CI: 1.04–2.59}”, {(aOR = 3.27 (95 %CI: 3.66–5.61)}” and {(aOR = 6.12 (95 %CI: 4.04–9.30)} respectively and “Sex of camels” {(aOR = 1.75 (95 %CI: 1.27–2.41)} were identified as significant predictors of MERS-CoV seropositivity. Our studies indicate a high level of seropositivity to MERS-CoV in camels in the counties surveyed, and highlights the important risk factors associated with MERS-CoV seropositivity in camels. Given that MERS-CoV is a zoonosis, and Kenya possesses the fourth largest camel population in Africa, these findings are important to inform the development of efficient and risk-based prevention and mitigation strategies against MERS-CoV transmission to humans.
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10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.105197
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document_parses/pdf_json/157542a55a1bc8a5d550c4b3c3aa0e566b2af019.json; document_parses/pdf_json/34396dec1fc23adb460b792b9484cd7ca21ff51b.json
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document_parses/pmc_json/PMC7605751.xml.json
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Risk factors for serological evidence of MERS-CoV in camels, Kenya, 2016–2017()
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