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?:abstract
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Introduction: In 2020, a coronavirus pandemic resulted in a worldwide ventilator shortage In response, a device with a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machine was developed as a ventilator Methods: A goat (89 kg) and a sheep (86 kg) were used for testing Midazolam (0 25 mg kg -1), morphine (0 25 mg kg-1), propofol (3 5 mg kg-1, 0 2 mg kg-1 min-1) and atracurium (0 25 mg kg-1) were administered, and animals were intubated and attached to the device breathing circuit A CPAP machine delivered constant circuit pressure Fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) was adjusted with a flow meter Electronic control of one-way valves allowed for adjustment of breaths minute-1 (BPM), and inspiratory:expiratory ratio (I:E) An expiratory valve allowed for adjustment of positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) Various BPM, I:E, peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), and PEEP were tested in each animal PIP, PEEP, tidal volume via Wright respirometer (VT) and arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) were measured to determine device limits Results: Animals were anesthetized for 2 hours and recovered uneventfully Attained range of parameters were: FIO 2 0 22 to 0 5, BPM 8 to 20, I:E 1:3 to 2:1, PEEP 2 to 20 cm H2O, VT 300 to 1200 ml, and PaO2 68 to 99 mm Hg PIP in the first animal was 18 cm H2O In the second animal, a second CPAP machine was added and a maximum PIP of 38 cm H2O was achieved Conclusion: The device demonstrated effective ventilation in a range of parameters that may be necessary for treatment of virus-affected humans
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