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Human coronaviruses (hCoVs) cause severe respiratory illness in the elderly Age-related impairments in innate immunity and sub-optimal virus-specific T cell and antibody responses are believed to cause severe disease upon respiratory virus infections However, the basis for age-related fatal pneumonia following pathogenic hCoVs is not well understood In this review article, we provide an overview of our current understanding of hCoV-induced fatal pneumonia in the elderly We describe host immune response to hCoV infections derived from studies of young and aged animal models, and discuss the potential role of age-associated increases in sterile inflammation (inflammaging) and virus-induced dysregulated inflammation in causing age-related severe disease We also highlight the existing gaps in our knowledge about virus replication and host immune responses to hCoV infection in young and aged individuals
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Age-related susceptibility to Coronavirus infections: role of impaired and dysregulated host immunity
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