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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic infectious disease caused by novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) The SARS CoV-2 is transmitted more rapidly and readily than SARS CoV Both, SARS CoV and SARS CoV-2 via their glycosylated spike proteins recognize the human angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor We generated multiple sequence alignments and phylogenetic trees for representative spike proteins of CoV and CoV-2 from various host sources in order to analyze the specificity in SARS CoV-2 spike proteins required for causing infection in humans Our results show that two sequence motifs in the N-terminal domain;\'MESEFR\' and \'SYLTPG\' are specific to human SARS CoV-2 In the receptor binding domain (RBD), two sequence motifs;\'VGGNY\' and \'EIYQAGSTPCNGV\' and a disulfide bridge connecting 480C and 488C in the extended looare structural determinants for the recognition of human ACE-2 receptor The complete genome analysis of representative SARS CoVs from bat, civet, human host sources and human SARS CoV-2 identified the bat genome (GenBank code: MN996532 1) as closest to the recent novel human SARS CoV-2 genomes The bat CoV genomes (GenBank codes: MG772933 and MG772934) are evolutionary intermediates in the mutagenesis progression towards becoming human SARS CoV-2 br /div
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Evolutionary Relationships and Sequence-Structure Determinants in Human SARS Coronavirus-2 Spike Proteins for Host Receptor Recognition
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