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Coronavirus disease 2019 emerged as the first example of \'Disease X\', a hypothetical disease of humans caused by an unknown infectious agent that was named as novel coronavirus and subsequently designated as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) The origin of the outbreak at the animal market in Wuhan, China implies it as a case of zoonotic spillover The study was designed to understand evolution of Betacoronaviruses and in particular diversification of SARS-CoV-2 using RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene, a stable genetic marker Phylogenetic and population stratification analyses were carried out using maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods, respectively Molecular phylogeny using RdRp showed that SARS-CoV-2 isolates cluster together Bat-CoV isolate RaTG13 and Pangolin-CoVs are observed to branch off prior to SARS-CoV-2 cluster While SARS-CoV form a single cluster, Bat-CoVs form multiple clusters Population-based analyses revealed that both SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV form separate clusters with no admixture Bat-CoVs were found to have single and mixed ancestry and clustered as four sub-populations Population-based analyses of Betacoronaviruses using RdRp revealed that SARS-CoV-2 is a homogeneous population SARS-CoV-2 appears to have evolved from Bat-CoV isolate RaTG13, which diversified from a common ancestor from which Pangolin-CoVs have also evolved The admixed Bat-CoV sub-populations indicate that bats serve as reservoirs harboring virus ensembles that are responsible for zoonotic spillovers such as SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 The extent of admixed isolates of Bat-CoVs observed in population diversification studies underline the need for periodic surveillance of bats and other animal reservoirs for potential spillovers as a measure towards preparedness for emergence of zoonosis
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Journal_of_Medical_Virology
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Understanding evolution of SARS-CoV-2: a perspective from analysis of genetic diversity of RdRp gene. (Special Issue: New coronavirus (2019-nCoV or SARS-CoV-2) and the outbreak of the respiratory illness (COVID-19): part-VI.)
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