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This article addresses food-energy-water-waste nexus optimization to alleviate the public health and environmental concerns from increasing food waste generation during the COVID-19 pandemic using waste-to-energy technologies Food waste increase has become a severe global problem during the pandemic It could alleviate health and environmental concerns by converting the food waste into electricity and heat through food-energy-water-waste nexus systems using waste-to-energy facilities, such as anaerobic digesters and combined heat and power units in wastewater treatment plants To design efficient nexus systems, a multi-period multi-objective optimization model is proposed, while considering various impacts of the pandemic A case study for New York State is presented The optimized systems show a potential of reducing the food waste disposal amounts by 38% The Pareto-optimal solutions illustrate a clear trade-off between the objectives The minimum total cost is $27 1 million;the optimal unit processing profit is $11 9 per ton processed food waste Spatial analyses reveal a clear correlation between facility selections and their processing capacities Electricity price and biogas yield are the most important factors for the economic objectives, based on sensitivity analysis
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Food-energy-water-waste nexus systems optimization for New York State under the COVID-19 pandemic to alleviate health and environmental concerns
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