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BACKGROUND: The health-care workers showed the highest risks of the adverse psychological reactions from the COVID-19 pandemic. AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the structure and severity of psychological distress and stigmatization in different categories of health-care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included two phases of online survey in 1800 Russian-speaking health-care workers (March 30 – April 5 and May 4 – May 10, 2020). The Psychological Stress Scale (PSM-25) and modified Perceived Devaluation-Discrimination scale (Cronbach\'s α = 0.74) were used. Dispersion analysis was performed with P = 0.05, Cohen\'s d, and Cramer\'s V calculated (effect size [ES]). RESULTS: The psychological stress levels decreased in the second phase (ES = 0.13), while the stigma levels (ES = 0.33) increased. Physicians experienced more stress compared with nurses and paramedical personnel (ES = 0.34; 0.64), but were less likely to stigmatize SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals (ES = 0.43; 0.41). The increasing probability of contact with infected individuals was associated with higher levels of psychological stress (probable contact ES = 0.48; definite contact ES=0.97). The highest rates of contacts with COVID-19 patients were reported by physicians (χ(2) = 123.0; P = 0.00, Cramer\'s V = 0.2), the youngest (ES = 0.5), and less experienced medical workers (ES = 0.33). CONCLUSION: Direct contact with coronavirus infection is associated with a significant increase in stress among medical personnel. The pandemic compromises the psychological well-being of the youngest and highly qualified specialists. However, the stigmatizing reactions are not directly associated with the risks of infection and are most prevalent among nurses and paramedical personnel.
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10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_870_20
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document_parses/pmc_json/PMC7659791.xml.json
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Stress and Stigmatization in Health-Care Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic
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