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Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptor has been unearthed as a prime site of entry of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 owing to its strong affinity towards spike protein of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, resulting in down-regulation of Angiotensin-converting enzyme -2 receptors and hyperstimulation of Angiotensin-converting enzyme-1 pathway This proposed theory has led to the birth of a new controversy regarding the use of Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers in Coronavirus disease 2019 patients A theory is against the use of Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, as it enhances the effect of Angiotensin-converting enzyme -2 pathway and upregulation of Angiotensin-converting enzyme -2 receptors resulting in a large number of internalizations of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus -2 into cells culminating into a high load of viremia with overwhelming infection and severity The other theory considers Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors / Angiotensin receptor blockers useful as it blocks deleterious Angiotensin-converting enzyme -1 pathway triggered by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 and enhances Angiotensin-converting enzyme -2 receptor upregulation and activation of angiotensin-(1-7) leading to beneficial effects, i e vasodilation, anti-apoptosis, anti-proliferative, &antifibrosis Hence, Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers may prove beneficial in countering the Angiotensin-converting enzyme -1 mediated damage by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 The recommendations by (European &American) societal guidelines still hold good of not discontinuing Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers in COVID-19 patients as it is further supported by current evidence of large observational studies
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Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor / Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker in COVID-19: a Double-edged Sword or a Myth
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