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This paper presents preliminary results of a pilot-in-the-loop (PIL) study of different cueing designs to reduce pilot workload in rotorcraft shipboard landings The participants were tasked with flying an approach to touchdown on the deck of an Arleigh Burke Flight IIA class Destroyer under both day visual flight rules (VFR) and night-unaided, zero-illumination conditions For each condition, the participants were presented with three different cue types For the day iterations these were a generic military standard heads up display (HUD), a ship fixed tunnel in the sky (tunnel), and a virtual flight lead cueing system (FLCS) The zero-illumination night condition was deemed impossible to land with only the HUD, so it was replaced with a combination of the tunnel and FLCS for the purpose of gaining initial feedback on combining elements of different systems Terminal landing constraints (location, heading, and impact velocity) were used as measures of pilot performance, the NASA Task Load Index (TLX) survey was used to evaluate perceived pilot workload, and the System Usability Scale (SUS) was used to rate interface and cueing usability Initial findings showed that pilots viewed the tunnel cueing as having the lowest perceived workload while the FLCS provided the best terminal performance All types of 3D cueing improved performance when compared to the HUD baseline The use of 3D cueing also expanded the operational envelope to include zero-illumination conditions For completeness, the study requires additional subjects, specifically those that have prior shipboard landing experience, as COVID-19 safety precautions paused in-person simulator testing early in the testing period This body of work represents the next iteration of FLCS research, initially published in Ref 1 © 2020 by the Vertical Flight Society
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