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BACKGROUND Online hospitals are an innovative model for China to explore telemedicine services based on national conditions and the COVID-19 outbreak. OBJECTIVE In this research, we built a hypothesis model based on the UTAUT theoretical model to analyze the factors that may influence patients\' willingness to use mobile medical services. This research was designed to assist in the development of mobile medical services. Audiences who do not live in the urban area and cannot access medical assistance would be benefited from this research a lot, as they can immediately go to the online hospital once they feel uncomfortable. METHODS A cross-sectional study based on medical institutions was conducted.The survey data of 407 respondents in Western China were obtained by convenience sampling, where the participants were all ranging from 18-59 years old. Meanwhile, we also conducted an empirical test for the hypothesis model and applied the structural equation model to estimate the significance of path coefficients, so that we could better understand those influencing factors. RESULTS In the sampling of 407 respondents, the result showed that 95 respondents (23.3%) are aware of online hospitals, while the other 312 respondents (76.7%) indicated that they have never heard of online hospitals before. Sex(P=.048) and education(P=.041) would affect people\'s willingness to use online hospital, and both of them can promote the use of online hospitals (OR=2.844 and 2.187 respectively). According to structural equation model analysis, the results of path coefficient indicated that performance expectancy(PE), effort expectancy(EE), and facilitating conditions(FC) have positive effects on patients\' willingness of using online hospitals. CONCLUSIONS The principal of our research is to find the influencing factors of patients\' awareness and willingness. Currently, the public\'s awareness and the usage rate of online hospitals is low. According to the estimation result of the model path coefficient shows that performance expectancy(PE), effort expectancy(EE), and facilitating conditions(FC) are the three main factors that affect patients\' willingnes While logistic regression model analysis showes these to use the online hospitals and Effort Expectancy (EE) is the most important factor of them. Sex and education are the statistically significant demographic variable for patients\' willingness of using mobile medical services.
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