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  • Combinations of refractory material, such as silica, and binder material, such as gypsum, used to enclose wax patterns during the dental casting process. These materials are usually a powder that is mixed with water and may contain modifiers, including coloring agents. After dental casting investments are poured around the wax patterns, they solidify and can withstand the heat of the casting furnace to hold the precise shape left behind when the wax is burned out to form a mold for dental restorations.
  • Dental materials designed to make a positive copy of a given area of the oral cavity using a mold previously taken at the dentist\'s office. These dental materials include casting alloys, porcelains, and dental stones. The materials are usually poured into a mold which contains a hollow cavity of an appropriate shape to fit teeth and/or oral tissue which is allowed to solidify and then ejected or broken out of the mold to complete the process. Casting alloys and porcelains should be compatible with oral tissues; they are used mainly in dental laboratories to make fixed prostheses (e.g., bridges, crowns, implants) and full or partial dentures; dental stone is typically used to make special castings (e.g., for gold prostheses).
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