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A very rare and complex hamartomatous overgrowth disorder with characteristics of progressive overgrowth of the skeleton, skin, adipose, and central nervous systems. Neonates usually appear normal at birth. Onset usually occurs from 6-18 months of age with asymmetric overgrowth seen mainly in the hands or feet. Causal mutations have been reported in two components of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT pathway: PTEN and AKT1. The AKT1 mutation is a somatic mosaic. PTEN mutations have been reported both in the constitutive DNA and as somatic mosaic mutations. The disease is not inherited in those with a somatic AKT1 de novo mutation; PTEN mutations are inherited autosomal dominantly.
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