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WHAT: Synovial fluid, abnormal. Synovial Fluid, Abnormal: a classification of joint fluid obtained by sterile arthrocentesis, according to its characteristics noted by certain laboratory examinations. WHY: Type I synovial fluid (non-inflammatory) often occurs in degenerative joint disease, trauma, osteochondritis dissecans, osteochondromatosis, neuropathic arthropathy*, subsiding or early inflammation, hyper- trophic osteoarthropathy**, and pigmented villonodular synovitis*. Type II synovial fluid (inflammatory) often occurs in rheumatoid arthritis, acute crystal-induced synovitis (gout and pseudo-gout), Reiter\'s syndrome, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, arthritis accompanying ulcerative colitis and regional enteritis, rheumatic fever**, systemic lupus erythematosus, and progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma)**. Type III synovial fluid (septic) often occurs in bacterial infections. * may be hemorrhagic. ** may be Type I or Type II. HOW: OBSERVATION TYPE I TYPE II TYPE III AND NORMAL (Noninflam- (Inflam- (Septic) matory) matory) WBC\'s, /cu mm 200-2,000 2,000-100,000 >100,000* ( <200) PMN\'s, % <25% 50% or more 75% or more* ( <25%) Culture Negative Negative Often positive (Negative) Glucose, mg/dl Nearly equal >25 & lower <25 & much lower (Nearly equal to blood than blood than blood to blood) * Lower with infections caused by partially treated or low virulence organisms. REFS: \'Examination of Joint Fluid\', Primer on the Rheumatic Diseases, 7th ed. New York, N.Y.: The Arthritis Foundation, 1973. DN19234-1.
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