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Laboratory analyzers used to measure the concentration of ionized calcium (Ca++), total calcium, or both in whole blood, plasma, serum, and other body fluids. These analyzers typically use electrochemical (ion-selective electrode) sensors to measure ionized calcium and fluorescence-quenching techniques for measuring total calcium. Many analyzers include an electrode for pH measurement or calculate the Ca++ content at a pH corrected value of 7.4, due its dependence on pH. Dedicated calcium analyzers are used to determine low- and high- serum calcium concentrations related to several diseases and the consumption of certain drugs and/or food. They are used in the course of some major surgical procedures.
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