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  • Angioplasty catheters designed for direct laser ablation of atheroma without a significant thermal effect. These catheters may include either a single fiber (small and flexible, but that can debulk only very little amount of material) or include densely packed optical fibers (typically of 50 to 61 micrometer in diameter) arranged concentrically around the central guide-wire lumen. These catheters are used for ablation of the atheromatous plaque inside the vessels, usually delivering energy from a pulse laser (e.g., an excimer laser operating in the ultraviolet frequency range) to avoid the thermal damage produced by continuous wave lasers. Laser angioplasty catheters are mostly used before balloon angioplasty for canalization of completely occluded vessels, for aortoostial stenoses, and for saphenous vein graft lesions; they are sometimes used as an adjuvant to balloon angioplasty to improve clinical success.
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