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  • Cardiac catheters designed for the drainage of effusion from the pericardial sac (pericardium); they usually consist of a thin-wall, flexible plastic (e.g., polyethylene) tube with a J-shaped distal tip that includes multiple holes in both the convex and concave sides. These catheters are inserted into the pericardium, either over the wire as part of a pericardiocentesis echocardiographic-assisted procedure or after a surgical pericardiotomy (typically a subxiphoid pericardiotomy) is done under local anesthesia. After insertion, they are anchored in place and attached to water-seal drainage and suction. Pericardium drainage catheters are used for temporary drainage (e.g., some days or a few weeks) in the treatment of cardiac tamponade; they are also used for irrigation and instillation of drugs (e.g., antibiotics, cytotoxic agents) into the pericardium.
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