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External pacemaker electrodes designed to be placed in the esophagus via the mouth or nose to deliver pacing pulses to the heart. The esophagus lies directly behind the heart and has relatively thin tissue whose moisture is beneficial for signal transmission. These electrodes typically consist of flexible insulated electrical conductors with the proximal end connected to an external pacemaker pulse generator and the distal end applied into the esophagus; transesophageal electrodes are usually disposable. Transesophageal cardiac pacemaker electrodes are usually intended to regulate atrial pacing; they are used in the diagnosis and temporary treatment of atrial arrhythmias, they also can be used to induce cardiac stress for diagnosis of heart disease.
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