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Immunoassay analyzers that attach fluorescent substances, which emit light at a wavelength after they have absorbed light at a different particular wavelength (either natural substances or dyes), as a label to either an antigen or an antibody and then measure the concentration of the ligand (the substance being analyzed) in the specimen under analysis, using the result of the antigen-antibody reaction. These analyzers usually include an autosampler, a reagent dispenser, a light source (e.g., a tungsten-halogen lamp), a filter or monochromator, and a detection system (fluorometer or spectrofluorometer); some also include computerized data processing devices. Some fluorimetric immunoassay analyzers use rare earth (lanthanide) chelates and time-resolved procedures to overcome background fluorescence. Fluorimetric analyzers usually have better sensitivity and reagent stability and use shorter assay time than photometric devices. Fluorimetric analyzers can quantify cardiac glycosides, antiasthmatics, antibiotics, antineoplastics, anticonvulsants, antiarrhythmics, and hormones.
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