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Neodymium-doped yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) lasers, usually operated in continuous-wave or long-pulsed mode, used mainly to cut, excise or vaporize, and coagulate deep tissues. Their laser energy penetrates deep into tissue and is also absorbed by a large volume of tissue, allowing photocoagulation of blood vessels at low-power densities and vaporization of tumors at high-power densities. These lasers are frequently used in laparoscopic and endoscopic surgery.
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