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External cardiac pacemakers that use external (noninvasive) electrodes to stimulate all chambers of the heart simultaneously. These pacemakers include the electronic circuitry that controls the pulse rate and output current and typically a two-lead cable used to connect it to two pregelled disposable adhesive electrodes. During pacing, the electrical stimuli from the pacemaker are conducted across the skin through one electrode, then collected through the other electrode, in such a way that part of the current is conducted through the heart, inducing it to contract. External noninvasive-electrode pacemakers are mostly used to assist in resuscitating patients, to correct arrhythmias, or to temporary pace during procedures that might inadvertently induce bradyarrhythmia and/or asystole.
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