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  • Recorders designed to measure and record data and graphics (i.e., a plethysmogram) of the volume and variations in volume of organs and/or other anatomic parts that are mainly due to the presence and flow of air or blood. Some plethysmographs are intended to record the intra-thoracic or pulmonary gas volume and variations (i.e., whole body plethysmographs). Other plethysmographs are used in the determination of blood volume and flow in particular areas of the body such as the limbs, eyes, or genitals. Plethysmographs may use a variety of techniques to obtain data and graphics. The typical method used for pulmonary assessment (e.g., residual volume) consists of an airtight cabinet (known as body box) where the pressure variations are measured while the patient is breathing. Some of the techniques mostly used for blood volume and flow plethysmography are: (1) changes in volume or variations in the pulse volume waveform and amplitude (segmental plethysmography); (2) changes in the impedance; (3) changes in the optical properties of tissues (photoplethysmography). Other techniques also used are based on the variation of capacitance, inductance, and pressure using strain gauge sensors. Dedicated plethysmographs intended for assessment of the blood volume and changes in specific anatomic parts such as the limbs, eyes, brain, and genitals are available.
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