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  • Prostheses designed for cosmetic and/or partial functional replacement of a missing hand. These prostheses typically consist of an external component but may also include totally or partially implantable components (e.g., electrodes, sensors); they are usually fixed with a socket to the wrist and require some degree of customization. Hand prostheses are usually made of metal (e.g., cobalt-chromium alloys), hard plastics (e.g., polyethylene), carbon fibers, or a combination of materials; the prostheses may be passive, mechanically operated, electrical or pneumatic powered, or use electronic systems including skin electrodes to detect myoelectric signals. Prostheses are available in a great variety of configurations and sizes. Hand prostheses may be used alone as a replacement for a lost hand or as a terminal component of a below-the-elbow, above-the-elbow, or total upper limb prosthesis in patients who have suffered amputations due to illness (e.g., diabetes) or traumatic accidents. Prostheses that resemble mechanical hooks are also used to replace amputated hands.
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