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  • Radiation survey meters designed to determine the amount, rate, and distribution of radiation emitted from a source of ionizing radiation (dosimetry). These instruments typically consist of a gas-filled chamber containing two separate metal conducting plates (anode and cathode). Ionization radiation from the environment enters the chamber through a permeable window typically constructed of plastic (e.g., polycarbonate, mylar, acrylic). This radiation ionizes the gas molecules, freeing electrons and positive ions that are attracted to the anode and cathode respectively, creating an electric current. The electric current is measured by an electrometer or charge digitizer, its value is proportional to the amount of ionizing radiation present. Ionization chamber survey meters typically display exposure rates in units of roentgens per hour (R/hr), and/or dose equivalent in sieverts per hour (Sv/hr); they can measure over wide ranges usually from 0.01mR/hr to 1,000R/hr, and/or from 1microSv/hr to100Sv/hr; they are typically used to measure radiation intensity (exposure rates) and quantity (dose equivalents) for relatively high radiation intensities, such as the output of an x-ray tube or linear accelerator.
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