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Cardiac simulators designed to mimic the electrical signals of the normal sinus rhythms of the heart. They usually include an analog circuit generator and/or digitally recorded signals in their memory. When activated they produce a typical electrocardiographic wave (including the P wave, QRS complex, and T wave), usually at a set of preestablished rates (e.g., 30, 60, 90 beats per minute), at several possible amplitudes, and with up to 12 lead outputs. Some simulators can also measure, evaluate, display, and/or record a set of data of the electrocardiographic device parameters and/or waveforms, typically including gain, frequency response, common mode rejection ratio, alarms, paper speed, dynamic range, linearity, and rate alarms; they may also simulate pacemaker signals. Electrocardiographic simulators are used to determine the precision of electrocardiographic devices (e.g., recorders, monitors), to check patient lead continuity and alarm functions, and to train healthcare personnel to properly operate devices used in cardiac procedures (e.g., cardiopulmonary resuscitation, cardiac catheterization). Most electrocardiographic simulators can also simulate a set of abnormal electrocardiographic signals to test arrhythmia monitors and recorders.
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