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Intensive care ventilators designed for neonatal and/or pediatric respiratory support; most are time-cycled pressure-control devices. These ventilators typically include flexible, small-bore (e.g., 1 cm diameter) tubing and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and/or positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) controls. CPAP is useful for infants with restrictive lung disease or decreased lung compliance and alveolar collapse (infants with hyaline membrane disease); PEEP maintains lung volume and prevents alveolar collapse. Neonatal/pediatric intensive care ventilators are used for preterm and critically ill infants with respiratory failure.
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