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  • Solid-state lasers, powered by a rod of yttrium-aluminum-garnet crystal doped with erbium, a rare-earth element, as the active medium, designed for use in dental procedures. These lasers typically emit energy at a wavelength of 2,940 nm (midinfrared), very close to the peak absorption of light in water (2,900 nm). They may be operated in pulsed and Q-switched modes; the laser energy can be delivered through a flexible optical glass fiber and is highly absorbed by osseous minerals. Er:YAG dental lasers are used mainly to excise or vaporize hard tissue, usually in procedures involving dental enamel and dentin.
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