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Solid-state lasers with a rod of yttrium-aluminum-garnet crystal doped with erbium, a rare earth element, as the active medium. Their emission wavelength is 2,940 nm (midinfrared). These lasers are operated in pulsed and Q-switched modes. Their emitted wavelength is very near the peak absorption of light in water (2,900 nm). The laser energy can be delivered through a flexible optical glass fiber and is highly absorbed by osseous minerals.
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