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  • Circulatory assist units that produce mechanical counterpulsation to reduce the afterload to the heart and increase coronary and cerebral blood flow. These devices consist of an inflatable balloon catheter, which is placed in the aorta attached to an external unit that includes a pneumatic system, regulating the automated inflation and deflation of the balloon in synchronism with the cardiac cycle; they include monitors of the physiologic parameters of the patient (e.g., heart rate, arterial pressure) and also of balloon pressure and volume. The inflated intra-aortic balloon forces the blood toward the heart during each diastolic phase of the cardiac cycle. Intra-aortic balloon circulatory assist units are used to improve cardiovascular functioning during cardiac failures that constitute life-threatening emergencies.
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