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A mild to severe congenital X-linked developmental disorder with hydrocephalus of varying degrees of severity, intellectual deficit, spasticity of the legs, and adducted thumbs. Primarily affects males. Affected males have varying degrees of hydrocephalus ranging from subclinical to severe. Intellectual deficit ranges from mild to severe. Adducted thumbs are a characteristic feature of the syndrome, present in about 50% of cases. Caused by mutations in the L1CAM gene (Xq28) encoding the L1 cell adhesion molecule that is expressed mainly in the developing nervous system. Inherited in an X-linked manner.
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An X-linked clinical subtype of L1 syndrome with characteristics of mild to moderate intellectual disability, delayed development of speech, hypotonia progressing to spasticity or spastic paraplegia, adducted thumbs and mild to moderate distension of the cerebral ventricles.
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