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Batteries designed to provide power to devices that support the working environment (e.g., temperature, humidity, chemicals) inside the human body. Implantable batteries are usually nonrechargeable and lightweight, and most are lithium batteries, although zinc/mercury-oxide batteries are also used. Implantable batteries are used as a source of direct current for long-term implantable devices such as cardiac pacemakers, defibrillators, and stimulators.
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