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Duplication of the short arm of chromosome 5 most frequently associated with craniofacial, cardiac, renal, and limb abnormalities, and moderate to severe mental retardation. Dandy-Walker malformation (agenesis of the cerebellar vermis, hydrocephalus, and posterior fossa cyst continuous with the fourth ventricle) occurs in some cases. The phenotype is related to the amount of genetic material duplicated and the specific duplicated segment.
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