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Computerized systems designed to perform a specialized procedure (e.g., laboratory testing, minimally invasive surgery, medication dispensing) either following a preestablished program with minimal human intervention, through a user interface, or a combination of both. These systems typically consist of a combination of software used to control the procedure and appropriate hardware to perform the necessary mechanical operations. All hardware used in the system should share the same information protocol. Most systems are capable of information (e.g., data, images) interchange with hospital information systems (e.g., radiology, anatomic pathology, material management). Automation systems are intended to improve the ergonomy, safety, and/or efficiency of healthcare procedures; they are usually configured according to particular hospital requirements.
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