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Automation systems used in clinical laboratories to prepare, analyze, and evaluate samples. These systems typically consist of several modules for specimen handling and processing that work as a network connected by a transportation system and under software control; they can perform tasks in sequence with minimal operator intervention. The systems usually include modules for sample preparation (preanalytic modules), analysis of samples (e.g., hematology, clinical chemistry, immunoassay), and recompilation and evaluation of results (postanalytic modules). Each module typically includes several units (e.g., decappers, sorters, centrifuges, analyzers, refrigerators) that may be either standard clinical laboratory equipment or, more frequently, specially designed units for the automation system. Laboratory automation systems are intended to improve the safety and/or efficiency of laboratory procedures; they are frequently configured according to particular laboratory requirements. Most of these systems can interact with laboratory and/or hospital information systems.
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