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Angiographic cardiac catheters available in two basic curve designs (i.e., right and left coronary artery), both in different sizes to accommodate variations in the size of the aorta. These catheters include specific tip configurations to enter the coronary arteries and usually have an end hole and few side holes. Typical injection rates are low (e.g., 2 to 5 mL/sec). Most of these catheters are introduced through either the femoral or the brachial artery. Coronary artery angiographic catheters are used for coronary angiography and for saphenous vein or internal mammary artery bypass graft angiography. Coronary angiography is indicated for coronary atherosclerosis assessment, to confirm the presence of congenital abnormalities (e.g., anomalous origin of the coronary arteries), and in patients with chest pain of uncertain cause.
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