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  • Vascular catheters designed for the removal of tissue from the liver through the vascular system. These catheters typically consist of a 9 Fr plastic tube with a biopsy needle that is advanced through its lumen; the needle frequently includes a hollow stylet within it to prevent aspiration of the sample into the syringe. They are usually introduced through the jugular vein, advanced to the inferior vena cava, and to the hepatic veins; the needle is plunged into the liver and removed in one continuous motion while suction is maintained with a syringe. Contrast medium should be injected after each biopsy attempt to check for liver capsule perforation. Liver biopsy catheters through the vascular system are used as an alternative to percutaneous biopsy in patients with abnormal blood clotting or massive ascites.
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