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  • Nd:YAG lasers designed for thermal ablation of subcutaneous or deeper tissue; they usually include a high-power (typically 100 to 120 W) generator and applicators that are inserted into the tissue to be ablated. Laser energy may be applied directly, using either a bare fiber or special diffuser tips (e.g., ring mode or isotropic) as applicators. Interstitial thermotherapy Nd:YAG lasers are mostly used for percutaneous ablation of deep-seated tumors by coagulation necrosis at temperatures over 60 degrees C; some systems use magnetic resonance imaging as guidance to locate the applicator and also to evaluate the thermal results. Other systems include thermal sensors and a computer programmed to regulate laser energy to keep the tissue temperature (e.g., tumor) within a prespecified range. Some of these lasers may also be used for hyperthermia procedures at temperatures from 42 degrees to 45 degrees C (108 to 113 degrees F) in the treatment of solid malignant tumors; most procedures combine hyperthermia with ionizing radiation (thermoradiotherapy or chemotherapy [thermochemotherapy])
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