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Respiration simulators designed to mimic a set of several baseline impedances (e.g., 500, 1000 ohms) and dynamic impedance variations (e.g., 0.2, 0.5 ohm) of the human thorax during the respiration cycle at different respiration rates (e.g., 20, 30, 60, 100 bpm). They may also simulate apnea for short periods (e.g., 12 or 32 seconds) or continuously. These simulators are used to verify the performance and/or calibrate respiration and apnea monitors that work by sensing changes in thoracic impedance.
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