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Monitors designed for continuous measurement and display of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure inside the skull and/or the meningeal membranes and are hard-wired to the patient at the bedside. These monitors typically include a main computerized electronic unit for data processing, a display, pressure transducers (e.g., strain gauge, fiberoptic), and an interface cable. Bedside intracranial pressure monitors can measure directly within one of the brain ventricles (intraventricular), beneath the duramater (subarachnoid), or outside the duramater (epidural); they are mostly used after cranial trauma or surgery and also in some hydrocephalic patients.
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