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Monitors designed for continuous or intermittent measurement and display of the values of the cardiac output (the amount of blood pumped out by the ventricles in a given period of time) that are hard-wired to the patient at the bedside. These monitors include a central unit with electronic circuits and a display that can process a signal from one or more physiologic sensors (e.g., catheter/pressure transducer sets) using a software algorithm. Cardiac output monitors usually measure and display the cardiac output values and curve(s), cardiac output index, blood temperature, stroke volume, and systemic vascular resistance. Some cardiac output monitors may provide hemodynamic monitoring data and/or other cardiopulmonary functions, such as measurement of venous oxygen saturation.
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