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Physiologic monitors designed to continuously measure and display the characteristics of the respiratory function mechanics (i.e., the inspiration and expiration cycle) including the cessation of breathing for a period longer than a pre-established lapse of time (i.e., apnea). These monitors are hard-wired to the patient at the bedside. These monitors typically sense respiration indirectly, such as the detection of changes in the electric impedance of the thoracic cavity using attached electrodes (i.e., impedance pneumography). Other monitors use more direct methods that include thermistors and/or carbon dioxide sensors (i.e., capnography). Ventilation/apnea monitors typically measure several breathing parameters (e.g., respiratory rate, volume of air); some monitors can also measure heart rate. The monitors usually include audible and visual alarms which allow the user to set threshold limits for the time span needed to activate the alarms. Ventilation/apnea monitors intended for newborns and infants are also available.
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