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Infusion pumps designed for use only in thesubcutaneous administration of insulin. These pumps typically consist of a pumping mechanism, an infusion rate controller, and an internal reservoir (e.g., 3 ml) containing the insulin solution. The insulin is delivered from the pump to a subcutaneous catheter that is typically inserted in the abdomen. Insulin infusion pumps infuse in micro volume pulses that mimic the function of a normal pancreas; the pump must be also able to deliver mealtime or supplementary bolus doses of insulin when necessary and many pumps also offer profile-based programming to account for daily patterns of insulin needs. Most pumps have memory capabilities, and most pumps have an \'automatic off\' that terminates insulin infusion if a button on the pump is not pushed within a preprogrammed period of time. Insulin pumps are used mainly by patients with diabetes. Both ambulatory and implantable insulin pumps are available.
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