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  • Encephalographs designed for recording ultrasonic waves directed through the brain and surrounding tissue and reflected backwards (i.e., echoed). These instruments consist of a main unit that includes an RF generator, a recorder, and detachable probes with ultrasonic transducers (typically piezoelectric) located in a housing at the distal tip that are connected to the recorder through an integral cable. The transducers convert electrical signals into ultrasonic signals and vice versa; they are located externally on the scalp to send the ultrasonic signal towards the brain and to detect the echoed signal. The signal is then converted into images of the brain showing its structures and the presence of tumors, hemorrhage, and/or other abnormalities. Echoencephalographs capable of showing two- and/or three-dimensional pictures of the brain structures and devices that can also measure the movement of the blood through the brain (i.e., the blood flow) using the Doppler effect are also available. Echoencephalographs are used for evaluation of recorded information of the brain conditions; they are not intended for real-time assessment.
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