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Chemical agent environmental monitors designed for automated detection and continuous numerical and/or graphic display of the concentration of industrial chemicals that produce highly toxic effects, such as nitric acid (HNO3), ammonia, ethylene oxide, formaldehyde, and hydrochloric acid (HCl). The effects of these agents may be produced while in vapor (if inhaled) or in liquid state (if absorbed transcutaneously). Some devices can also detect agents that produce choking effects when inhaled, such as phosgene and chlorine. These monitors may use one or several different technologies, including electrochemistry and spectroscopy. Most monitors warn of a hazardous condition when predetermined values of the chemical agent have been reached or exceeded. Toxic industrial environmental monitors are available as portable, handheld, stand-alone, or mobile units. They are used by healthcare personnel, rescuers, firefighters, and other personnel for continuous observation of contaminated or potentially contaminated areas.
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