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  • Radiotherapy systems designed to deliver a beam of protons. These systems include a particle accelerator (e.g., cyclotron, synchrotron), a delivery system, range modulators, fixed beamlines and/or isocentric gantries, patient alignment capability, and a computerized control unit. The use of protons provides a more defined range and less lateral scattering than conventional radiation therapy (e.g., photon, x-ray, gamma ray, electron), permitting the use of highly conformal (i.e., shaped for the tumor) radiotherapy techniques to minimize the doses to critical anatomic structures. Lower-energy protons (60 to 100 MeV) are used to treat superficial disorders, while higher-energy protons (above 150 MeV) are typically used for deep-seated tumors. Specialized proton-beam radiotherapy systems are available for treatment of eye melanomas and certain skull-based or spinal tumors (e.g., chordomas); high-energy systems may be used for treatment of tumors in the chest and/or abdomen.
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