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Holmium:yttrium aluminum garnet (Ho:YAG) pulsed lasers designed to deliver their energy into the myocardium using fiberoptic catheters (typically a few millimeters deep but not through all the cardiac muscle), producing temporary myocardial channels. These lasers may induce mechanisms of revascularization (e.g., myocardial angiogenesis), other mechanisms (e.g., myocardial denervation, myocardial fibrosis), and/or placebo effects. The laser delivery systems include fiberoptic catheters for percutaneous delivery (i.e., percutaneous myocardial revascularization) through the vasculature. Percutaneous revascularization lasers are intended for palliative treatment of stable angina; they may also improve blood perfusion to the myocardium.
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