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Holmium:yttrium aluminum garnet (Ho:YAG) pulsed lasers designed to deliver their energy using a fiberoptic delivery system through the myocardium, producing temporary myocardial channels. These lasers may induce real mechanisms of revascularization (e.g., temporary perfusion through the laser channels, myocardial angiogenesis), other mechanisms (e.g., myocardial denervation, myocardial fibrosis), and/or placebo effects. These laser systems may be used either for open or minimally invasive. Transmyocardial revascularization lasers are intended for palliative treatment of stable angina; they may also improve blood perfusion to the myocardium.
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