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  • Occluders designed for closure of atrial or ventricular cardiac septal defects using percutaneous transcatheter procedures. These occluders typically consist of a button, umbrella, double umbrella, or double-disk devices; they are typically made of metals, plastic fabrics (e.g., polyester), or a combination of both. The occluders are usually deployed using a delivery system that includes a sheath, a dilator, a loading device, and a cable. Cardiac septal occluders are used for treatment of many atrial or ventricular defects, including the fetal aperture between the atria (i.e., patent foramen ovale) and coronary sinus septal defects, provided that the defects have good rims all around and are separated from important heart structures. They are frequently used for occlusion of large (typically 4 mm or larger) patent ductus arteriosus.
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