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Implantable liquid substances intended to be injected into specific gastrointestinal tissue (e.g., the region of the lower esophageal sphincter) and allowed to precipitate as a solid permanent implant. These substances typically consist of an organic material or a biocompatible copolymer (e.g., ethylene-vinyl alcohol), a radio opaque marker (e.g., tantalum), and a liquid solvent (e.g., dimethyl sulfoxide). The substance is typically injected into gastrointestinal tissue, such as the muscle or deep submucosal layers of the LES (immediately adjacent to and surrounding the cardiac opening of the esophagus) using a needle attached to a catheter that is introduced through an endoscope under fluoroscopic visualization. Gastrointestinal tissue bulking agents are available for the treatment of specific disorders (e.g., esophageal sphincter reflux).
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Implantable liquid substances intended to be injected into urinary structure/tissues such as the urethra or ureters (e.g., the ureter wall close to the ureterovesical junction, periurethral tissue). These substances typically consist of an organic material (e.g., autologous chondrocytes) or more frequently of a biocompatible copolymer (e.g., dextranomer-hyaluronic acid) and a liquid solvent. The agent is frequently delivered using a needle attached to a catheter that is introduced through an endoscope. Urological tissue bulking agents are available for the treatment of specific disorders (e.g., vesicoureteral reflux, incontinence).
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