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Masks designed to protect the face, eyes, and respiratory tract from gases and/or aerosols containing chemical and/or biological agents. The masks usually prevent the agent from reaching the respiratory mucosa by physically absorbing the agent and/or by chemically destroying it. Some masks can also protect against toxins and/or breathing radioactive (e.g., alpha, beta) particulates; they do not offer protection from radiation. These masks typically consist of two layers, an inner one (e.g., a molded silicone film for maximum seal) that is fitted tightly against the face and an external layer (e.g., made of butyl rubber) for maximum protection; two ridged eye lenses; appropriate means to avoid lens fogging; and mounts for filter canisters or cartridges. Some masks include a drinking system consisting of internal and external drink tubes, and communication systems both for face-to-face and radio telephone communication; they may also include an internal nosecup. The masks are available in several sizes; they may provide additional features for special uses (e.g., microphones that interface with aircraft communication systems). The combination of chemical and biological agent protection masks with appropriate cartridge or canister filters and hoods for additional protection of the head and neck is known as a chemical and biological protection respirator.
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