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  • Devices designed to provide positive air pressure to nonintubated patients or to artificial airways, either for short-term assistance or intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB). These devices consist of an electric or more frequently pneumatic powered unit that provides the positive pressure; they typically include a volume measuring device (e.g., a handheld spirometer), connecting tubes, controls, adapters, sputum cups, and attachments (e.g., mouthpieces, masks) for intermittent delivery of gas to the patient. Units are available either for reuse in multiple patients or for single-patient, multiple uses. Most units include or may be connected to nebulizers, humidifiers, and to oral or endotracheal suction equipment. These units are used for augmenting lung expansion and to deliver aerosol medication. They may also act as mechanical ventilators in emergency situations but are not intended for continuous breathing support.
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